“China’s energy structure determines that it is difficult to achieve a low-carbon economy and urgently needs to reduce carbon consumption and emissions through technological innovation in industrial production and consumption, CO2 capture and utilization, etc. With the advancement of technology in this area in the coming decades. After the low-carbon economy, humanity will usher in an era of 'negative carbon economy' characterized by a large consumption of CO2, said Jin Yong, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a professor at Tsinghua University, when he was interviewed by reporters last week.
Jin Yong pointed out that in the global era of unanimous development of a low-carbon economy, China's chemical scientists and researchers should look to the future and develop technologies that have the potential to promote long-term human development, opening up more space for the development of the industry. In this regard, Jin Yong focused on: "The use of coal instead of oil to synthesize plastics, rubber, fiber and other materials is a way to reduce carbon emissions, energy efficiency, and high economic value added to the use of coal. The energy consumption of GDP is of positive significance." He pointed out that methanol is a very good platform compound and there is a very broad space for downstream extension. At present, domestic coal-to-methanol has reached a considerable scale, but the downstream technology is still in the development stage. In the next three to five years, once a substantial breakthrough has been made in the technical problems of methanol utilization, it is expected to drastically improve the serious overcapacity of methanol.
The results of relevant studies show that CO2 can be used to displace oil, which can increase oil recovery from 25% to 35% to 40% to 50%; CO2 hydrate can be used to replace the gas hydrate hidden in the seabed. At the same time, CO2 can also be reused as a resource through the reverse conversion process, that is, to reduce CO2 to carbon monoxide, and then to synthesize hydrocarbons and carbohydrates with hydrogen. The key is to have a large number of cheap hydrogen sources. In China, coke oven gas is a good source of hydrogen. It can also use waste as raw material to make electrolytic hydrogen, use the residual heat of nuclear fusion reaction to make hydrogen or even make hydrogen from water.
Jin Yong stressed that the large-scale application of CO2 reverse conversion technology is estimated to be 50 years later, but it must now be mastered. At present, foreign demonstration projects in this area do a good job. The Department of Chemical Engineering of the University of Minnesota has achieved a pilot scale of 5 to 10 megawatts. There is no relevant research in China yet. It requires the country's overall arrangements and strong support.
He said that low-energy process technologies should also be developed, such as the conversion of traditional calcium carbide acetylene to plasma acetylene, energy consumption will be reduced by 1/3; efforts to develop low-energy, low-emission materials, such as polyvinyl chloride The carbon emissions are much lower than those of polyethylene and polypropylene. In addition, the injection of waste plastics and waste rubber powder into blast furnace ironmaking can also reduce the amount of coke used and the emission of two sets of dioxin.
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