Determine the relative position of the tool and the workpiece

For CNC machine tools, it is important to determine the relative position of the tool and the workpiece at the beginning of machining. This relative position is achieved by confirming the tool point. The tool point refers to the reference point that determines the relative position of the tool and the workpiece by the tool. The tool-cutting point can be set on the part to be machined, or it can be set at a certain position on the fixture that has a certain dimension with the part positioning reference. The tool-cutting point is usually the processing origin of the part. The principle of choosing the knife point is as follows:

(1) The selected tool setting point should make the programming simple;
(2) The tool-cutting point should be chosen so that it is easy to correct and locate the origin of the part;
(3) The location of the tool point should be convenient and reliable during processing;
(4) The choice of tool points should be conducive to improving the machining accuracy.

Figure 1 knife point

For example, when processing the parts shown in FIG. 1, when the NC machining program is programmed in accordance with the illustrated route, the intersection point of the center line of the cylindrical pin of the jig positioning element and the positioning plane A is selected as the processing tool point. Obviously, the tool point here is exactly the origin of processing.

When you use the tool set point to determine the machining origin, you need to perform "setting tool". The so-called counter knife is the operation that overlaps the "knife location" and the "spinning point." The radius and length dimensions of each tool are different. After the tool is mounted on the machine tool, the basic position of the tool should be set in the control system. "Knife site" refers to the positioning reference point of the tool. As shown in Fig. 2, the cutter position of the cylindrical cutter is the intersection of the center line of the cutter and the tool bottom; the cutter position of the ball cutter is the center point of the ball; the cutter position of the turning tool is the tip or knife Center of sharp arc; the tool bit of the drill is the vertex of the drill. The tool setting methods for various types of CNC machine tools are not exactly the same, and this content will be discussed separately with various types of machine tools.

Drill bit location Drill bit location Cylinder cutter location Cutter location
Figure 2 Knife site

Tool change points are set for machining centers, CNC lathes, etc., which use multi-knife machining, because these machine tools are required to automatically change tools during machining. For a manual tool change CNC milling machine, the corresponding tool change position should also be determined. To prevent parts, tools or fixtures from being scratched during tool change, the tool change point is often set outside the contour of the machined part, leaving a certain amount of safety.

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