Whether used in secure data encryption, very high-speed computing of massive data, or so-called quantum simulation of highly complex systems: optical quantum computers are a source of hope for future computer technology. Now, according to a report in Nature Photonics, scientists have for the first time successfully put a complete quantum optical structure on a single chip. This satisfies one of the conditions for using photonic circuits in optical quantum computers.
"Experiments that have so far been used to study the application of photonic quantum technology have also generally stated that they are conducted in the entire laboratory space," explains Professor Ralph Krupke of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. "However, if the technology is to be applied meaningfully, it must be compressed into a minimal space." Participants in the study were from Germany, Poland and Russia, respectively, from Westphalian Wilhelm University Wolfram Pernice of the Münster, WWU and Ralph Krupke, Manfred Kappes and Carsten Rockstuhl from the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT).
The first light sources scientists use in quantum photonics are carbon nanotubes. They are 100,000 times smaller in diameter than human hair and emit single light particles when excited by a laser. Light particles (photons) are also called photons. Therefore, there is the name "quantum optics."
Carbon nanotubes can emit single photons, making them attractive attractive ultra-compact light sources for optical quantum computers. "However, placing the laser technology on a scalable chip is not easy," admits physicist Wolfram Pernice. The scalability of the system, the possibility of miniaturizing the components to increase their number, is a prerequisite for the application of this technology to powerful computers up to quantum computers.
Since all the cells on the chip that are now being developed are electrically triggered, there is no need for an extra laser system, which is a significant simplification of the usual photoexcitation mechanism. "Developing a scalable chip that incorporates single photon sources, detectors, and waveguides is an important step toward research," emphasized Ralph Krupke at the Institute of Nanotechnology at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and in Darmstadt The study was conducted at the Institute of Materials Science at Darmstadt Technical University. "Since we have demonstrated that single photons can also be generated by electrically excited carbon nanotubes, we have overcome a limitation that has so far hindered potential applications."
About this theory: Scientists have studied whether electric charge flowing through carbon nanotubes can cause the emission of a single light quantum. For this purpose, they used carbon nanotubes as single photon sources, superconducting nanowires as detectors, and also used nanophotonic waveguides. A single photon source and two detectors are each connected by a waveguide. The structure is then cooled with liquid helium so that we can calculate a single light quantum. The chip by the electron beam lithography equipment.
This result of scientists is a fundamental research. It is unclear if and when it will lead to practical applications. Wolfram Pernice and first author Svetlana Khasminskaya are funded by the German Research Association and the Helmholtz Society, while Ralph Krupke is funded by the Volkswagen Foundation.
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