The Status of Crop Germplasm Resources in China
Agricultural cultivated plants and their wild closely related germplasm resources are abbreviated as crop germplasm resources, also known as crop genetic resources. Crop germplasm resources are the most closely related parts of biological resources and human survival. They are the most important source of human food and clothing, and they are the most precious wealth on the human earth. China's crop germplasm resources are numerous, numerous, and widely distributed. At present, there are about 600 kinds of main crops cultivated in the country, including more than 30 kinds of food crops, about 90 kinds of cash crops, about 150 kinds of fruit trees, more than 120 kinds of vegetables, about 50 types of pasture, and about 20 types of green manure.
The work on crop germplasm resources in China was officially launched in the 1950s. After 78 years, it began to organize in all provinces and prepare for a comprehensive inspection of crop resources. After several decades of efforts, we have collected 63,000 kinds of species and introduced 70,000 copies. So far, China has a total of 370,000 crop germplasm resources, ranking second in the world. The corresponding germplasm resource bank has also been built. The germplasm resource bank is a man-made high-standard environment for conservation of germplasm resources. At present, China has established a modern country crop germplasm resource bank and a crop germplasm database, and has established 32 national crop germplasm resource nurseries. In addition, we will disperse the germplasm resources of the major crops in the country through breeding and updating, identification and cataloging of major agronomic traits, and put them into national banks or national nurseries as long-term preservation of national wealth. At present, the national germplasm bank has preserved 333 crops with a total of 333,000 germplasm resources, belonging to 35 families, 192 genera and 712 species (including subspecies); the national germplasm nursery has preserved more than 50 varieties (classes) of crops. 3 80000 germplasm resources, about 1050 species (including subspecies). More than 370,000 germplasm resources saved in the above included about 20,000 wild germplasm resources. In addition, for the research and utilization of crop germplasm, the China Academy of Agricultural Sciences has established ten medium-term banks for rice, grain, oil, cotton, hemp, vegetables, pasture, tobacco, sugar beet, watermelon, and melon. Each province (autonomous region, municipality directly under the Central Government) has established 16 local medium-term banks and preserved more than 300,000 local crop germplasm resources.
Although the work of the Crop Germplasm Bank has made considerable progress in the past 30 years, there are still many problems. Such as financial issues, management issues, resource collection issues. Therefore, in China, research on crop germplasm resources also has a long history.
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