How much do you know about high pressure common rail system? Minutes to add more knowledge to you
At present, the high-pressure common rail system can be integrated into the engines of domestic trucks. Even light engines are no exception. This also shows that end users are dealing with high pressure common rails every day. However, many users must also have insufficient knowledge of this high-end technology. Let's take a closer look at the high pressure common rail and add relevant knowledge points.
To understand the high pressure common rail system, we should first understand it. The high pressure common rail system is called a system. As its name implies, it is not a simple component and consists of multiple units. It is understood that our common high pressure common rail system is mainly composed of electronic control unit, high pressure oil pump, pressure accumulator (common rail), electronically controlled fuel injector and various sensors. The working process of high pressure common rail can be understood as follows: the low pressure fuel pump inputs the fuel into the high pressure pump, and the high pressure pump presses the fuel into the high pressure fuel rail (accumulator). The pressure in the high pressure fuel rail is controlled by the electronic control unit according to the fuel rail. The rail pressure measured by the pressure sensor and need to be adjusted. The fuel in the high pressure fuel rail passes through the high pressure tubing. According to the operating status of the machine, the electronic control unit determines the proper timing of fuel injection and the duration of the injection is controlled by the electro-hydraulic electronic spray. The oil injector sprays fuel into the cylinder.
Bosch High Pressure Common Rail System
The reason why this system name has the word “high pressure†is because the system can make the injection system pressure three times higher than that of conventional diesel engines, with a maximum energy of 200 MPa (compared with the traditional diesel injection pressure of 60- 70 MPa), the pressure is large enough for atomization to burn well, thereby improving the dynamic performance, and ultimately achieving the purpose of fuel economy.
Of course, "high pressure" and "common rail" in the system are complementary, and what role does "common rail" play? This is also the next point of knowledge.
Xiao Bian learned that the “common rail†is supplied to each injector at the same time through a common oil supply pipe. The fuel injection quantity is accurately calculated by the ECU. At the same time, the fuel of the same quality and the same pressure is supplied to each injector to make the engine run more smoothly. Smooth, in order to optimize the overall performance of the diesel engine.
In the entire high pressure common rail system, electronically controlled ECUs and fuel injectors are the most critical and complex components. Based on the control signal sent by the ECU, the high pressure common rail system injects the fuel in the high pressure fuel rail into the combustion chamber of the diesel engine with the best injection timing, fuel injection amount, and fuel injection rate by controlling the opening and closing of the solenoid valve. In other words, the final performance of the entire system depends entirely on the control of electronically controlled ECUs and injectors.
At present, Bosch's high pressure common rail system can be said to be the best in the world in both the passenger car and commercial vehicle industries. However, in China, there is also a domestic engine company that has always devoted itself to the research and development of high pressure common rail systems, and the products have been put into the market in batches. This company is called Weichai .
As early as 2008, Weichai launched its own ECU R&D project and built a world-class electronic control R&D platform. The electronic control R&D team is equipped with a complete development tool chain and has also established an ECU hardware and software development environment. Through the integration of relevant domestic resources, the technical difficulties of the engine electronic control system were completely overcome and the core technology was mastered in one fell swoop. After only four years of research and development, Weichai announced in 2012 that China's first high-voltage common rail electronic control system was officially launched in the domestic market.
Weichai announced the official launch of China's first high-pressure common rail electronic control system in 2012
It is understood that Weichai's autonomous ECU adopts a 32-bit high-performance microcontroller and has undergone various rigorous tests, including three-high test, high and low temperature test at -40-105°C, salt spray test, vibration test up to 10g, and electromagnetics. Compatible with EMC tests and accelerated life testing for over 1700 hours to ensure that the ECU can operate in a variety of complex environments. The steady state control accuracy of the autonomous ECU's rail pressure is within 10 bar, and it supports up to 5 injections. It can realize the control, diagnosis and service testing of various subsystems of the entire vehicle and engine to meet the emission requirements of the country V, and the service life is as long as 20,000 hours.
Today, the electronically controlled ECU system independently developed by Weichai has been applied to diesel power products. In this year's Beijing auto show, the N platform products displayed by Weichai have become the focus of promotion in the field of young-type engines, and all of them are equipped with autonomous ECUs. Xiao Bian believes that only when the electronically controlled ECU system is mature enough, Weichai will have sufficient confidence to equip the system with the N platform to be promoted. This also proves Weifang's high level of research and development technology.
Weichai N platform product assembly autonomous ECU
It can be said that the mature application of electronically controlled ECU independently developed by Weichai has not only promoted the advancement of independent research and development in China's automobile and parts industry, but also made significant contributions to the technological progress of the engine industry. Of course, we must admit that at present, we do not really master the most advanced and most core technology of high-pressure common rail systems. However, we can see through Weichai that the domestic R&D of high-pressure common-rail systems is rising and catching up.
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